Grammar structure:

1-If + simple future tense + subject +…+ simple present tense+….

If you work hard, you will pass.

If you work hard, you will pass the exam.

…+future tense + subject +…. + and ” + ” ” + imperative verb -2

Work hard, and you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed.)

Work well, you will succeed.

Conditionals Type 2

Conditional sentences of the second type indicate the present tense, and in such sentences, a topic or topic is stated that is completely hypothetical or improbable. Therefore, the possibility of doing work in these sentences does not exist or is very low. In these sentences, the conditional part is made in simple past tense and the result part is made with the help of one of the verbs could, would, might and simple infinitive.

Grammar structure:

…+simple object + could, would, might + subject + … + simple past tense + if

If he asked me, I would help him.

If he asked me, I would help him.

If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.

If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.

Conditionals Type 3

Conditional sentences of the third type indicate the past time. If something was done or not, the result would have been different in the past.

Grammar structure:

…+Would have + P.P + subject + ” , ” + … + improbable past tense + subject + If

If you had told him, he would have come.

If you had told him, he would have come.

Additional notes regarding conditional sentences

In the result part, instead of will and would, you can also use Shall, Should-might, May-Could, Can.

If I go, I (Will / can / may) see him.

If I go, I will see him / I can see / I might see him.

2- To question conditional sentences, the result part is questioned and written at the beginning of the sentence.

What would you do if the train arrived late?

What would you do if the train was late?

3- Conditional sentences are also written in imperative form. In this case, the result part is imperative and is usually written first.

Don’t tell him the story if you see him.

If you see him, don’t tell him about it.

4-Unless is used instead of if not and is always accompanied by a positive verb.

I don’t want to spend unless you ask me.

I will not open the door unless I hear the bell.

5- To express reality and scientific laws or habit, both parts of conditional sentences may be in simple present tense or simple past tense, which in the last case is used to express reality or a habit in past tense.

(reality or immutable truth) If you heat ice, it melts

If you heat the ice, it will melt.

if you interrupted him, he became angry. (Habit or reality in the past)

If you interrupted him, he would get angry.

6- The present continuous or the past tense is used in the condition part to express the actual present or future.

If you are looking for Ali, you can find him upstairs.

If you are looking for Ali, you can find him upstairs.

If you have written the letter, I will post it.

If you wrote the letter, I will post it.

7- The future tense is never used in the condition part. Will or would is only used in the condition part if we want to convey a polite expression or desire and insistence in doing an action.

If you will wait, I’ll ask the manager to speak to you.

If you wait, I will ask the manager to talk to you.

If you would like to come, we would be pleased.

If you would like to come with us, we would appreciate it.

8-Won’t is a condition for refusing to do an action.

If he won’t learn his lessons, he’ll never improve his English.

If he refuses to learn his lessons, he will never improve in English.

9- The word “Should” in the condition part of conditional sentences (usually the first type) and “were to” in the condition part of conditional sentences (usually the second type) indicate the weak probability of the action.

If I see him, I will invite him.

If I see him, I will invite him. (The probability of seeing him is high.)

If I should see him, I will invite him.

If I see him, I will invite him. (The probability of seeing him is low.)

If he left his bike here, somebody would take it.

If he left his bike here, someone would take it.

If he were to leave his bike here, somebody would take it.

If he was going to leave his bike here, someone would take it.